By Mike McDaniel
Only one question matters in the school violence debate: when a
shooter is attempting to enter a school, what will be done to protect
the lives of students and staff?
Asking what can be done to prevent mass school shootings is a
secondary matter. Honest commentators — with the background and
experience to know what they’re talking about — should be aware that in a
constitutional republic, school shootings cannot be altogether
prevented, and that gun control can have no effect. The
worst school attack in history
— in Beslan, Chechnya, leaving 300 dead and 700 injured — took place in
a liberty-restricted state with democratic pretensions. Deterrence is
possible, but not with past or current policies; the actual defense of
the school during an incident is the heart of the debate.
At enormous expense, schools can be hardened, which may help to deter
some potential killers, and which may slow down, to some degree, less
intelligent and prepared killers. Unfortunately, “slow down” implies
seconds, not minutes. Equally unfortunate: the money necessary to harden
schools to the point of truly credible deterrence that could slow or
stop killers to any meaningful degree is not available during the Obama
economy.
Just recently, it was revealed that the Sandy Hook Elementary School killer
needed only five minutes
to shoot his way into the school and murder 20 children and six adults
before killing himself. This fact is fodder for those wishing to ban
“assault weapons” and standard capacity magazines so that future killers
with five minutes will require a few seconds longer, or might only be
able to kill 20 rather than 26. They miss the point, and many
intentionally ignore more sensible proposals.
Former Navy SEAL and current educator John A. Czajkowski
proposes a solution that embraces the recommendation of the NRA:
place armed security in every one of the 100,000-plus American schools.
However, he generally opposes the arming of school staff:
Although I grew up very comfortable with the responsible
use of firearms as a boy and then later professionally, I still can’t
support arming teachers first when there are still so many other more
proactive opportunities for improving our security. Arming teachers is
far down my list of recommendations for improving security, per
balancing return on investment and risk assessment. Although I am
entirely comfortable with the idea at a personal level, the difficulty
of applying Kant’s universal imperative makes me hesitate to adopt an
armed teacher paradigm.
Only one policy can credibly deter school shooters, will cost little
or nothing, and will provide the maximum chance to limit — or even to
eliminate — the loss of life when an attack on a school occurs: arming
school staff.
When school design, security cameras, hardened doors and glass,
magnetic door locks, and every other security measure have failed — as
they did at Sandy Hook — and when a killer is seconds from firing, what
is that school prepared to do
at that moment to prevent any
loss of life? Unless they are taking affirmative steps to arm staff so
multiple people will always be present and prepared to immediately
engage an armed attacker, the schools tacitly admit they are willing to
accept a death toll of some size. This, in exchange for “feeling safe”
rather than being safe.
NRA chief Wayne LaPierre and Czajkowski’s approach — using trained,
armed personnel focused on school security — is not unreasonable, but it
is impractical and embraces several faulty assumptions.
La Pierre would even demand federal funds for the purpose. Even so,
some schools — usually larger high schools and some middle schools — do
have school “resource” or “liaison” officers, who are usually certified
law enforcement officers provided by local agencies. Some schools share
an officer from time to time, but most schools have none. This is so
for practical and insurmountable reasons. Moreover, those few officers
do not function as most of those supporting this concept believe.
These officers are essentially small-town police, responsible for all
law enforcement functions in and around their assigned schools. They
are generally present only during normal school hours, but must be
absent for a wide variety of reasons: court, job-related errands,
transporting arrestees, mandatory training, medical appointments, and
vacation. At those times, they are virtually never replaced, and they
are seldom present for extracurricular activities.
Further, it is not their job to principally focus on building
security. And because there is only one of them per school — if that —
the chance they will be present at the time and place an attack occurs
is small. If no one else is armed, they are better than nothing, but are
not the answer.
Most schools don’t have these liaison officers and never will; it’s
too expensive. Their salaries, whether paid by their agency, their
school, or some combination, come from the taxpayers, an increasingly
scarce funding source. Affordably putting more of them in schools is
wishful thinking.
As an educator, I deal with colleagues who recoil at the idea of
armed police officers in school, as though the mere presence of
authority, particularly armed authority, somehow poisons a mystically
pristine educational atmosphere. I have heard others argue that teachers
are untrained and unqualified to carry firearms, and as such would be
tempted to misuse them, or would be more likely to harm themselves, or
others, or to be shot by the police in a school attack. I have heard
some argue that students will steal teachers’ guns.
However, the most fervent argument I’ve encountered — and only after
the Newtown shooting — suggests that teachers must focus 100% of their
energy and attention exclusively on teaching. Therefore, they cannot be
expected to assume the same duties as school liaison officers, including
engaging and stopping school shooters.
Some have gone so far as to suggest that teachers would be particularly bad at even
recognizing that a shooting was happening, so oblivious to their surroundings does teaching make them.
This misconception is a related to the idea that anyone carrying a
gun on school grounds must be trained to the same level — and must
assume the same focus and duties — as a certified police officer, or
else they are a tragedy waiting to happen.
No. Armed school staff should have precisely the same duties and responsibilities as any citizen with a concealed carry permit.
They are responsible for keeping their weapon safe, secure, and
concealed, and on their person at all times.
A handgun locked in a desk
or in an armory in a principal’s office suite is of no use to a teacher
meeting an armed killer in a hallway or on a playground.
Above all, they will know to use their handgun only in circumstances
where it is necessary to stop the imminent threat of serious bodily harm
or death to themselves or others. And that is all.
Police officers undergo lengthy and rigorous training because their
jobs encompass far more than this simple directive, whereas armed
citizens and teachers need know only two primary things: the law
relating to the possession and use of deadly force, and how to shoot
straight.
Additional training along these lines is desirable, but if required,
will prevent some teachers from being able to save their lives and the
lives of students.
The entry qualification should be precisely the same as for any
concealed carry license holder. Teachers should in fact be already
almost entirely qualified, for like license holders, they have been
fingerprinted, photographed, and undergone extensive background checks.
Unlike license holders, they must have at minimum a bachelor’s
degree, and must undergo additional extensive testing. The only
qualification most teachers lack would be any state-required training
course or shooting qualification.
A cornerstone of this policy must be correct publicity. Making the
public aware a given school district allows and encourages its staff to
carry concealed weapons confers on every school, whether anyone is
carrying or not, the benefits of deterrence.
Properly chosen by and for individuals, concealed handguns are quite
invisible: this is another strength of concealed carry. Because no
criminal can know who is carrying a handgun, they must assume that
everyone could be. Just about anywhere in America except schools, this
is also the case.
Consider the cognitive dissonance of those who argue that teachers
can’t be expected to take extra time to qualify for concealed carry:
recall that they already spend hours on “run and hide” drills, hiding
students behind locked and easily breached doors to fearfully wait and
hope that a killer will not find them. This dependence on the lack of
competence and marksmanship of madmen (as well as their mercy) is not a
strategy.
Consider too those who argue that teachers aren’t smart enough to
understand what is happening, and will thereby shoot innocents. When a
school attack occurs, and this was very much the case at Sandy Hook
Elementary, the victims knew exactly what was going on. When the killer
was shooting his way into the school, if one or more staff had been
armed he could have been immediately stopped. No one had to die that
day; no one has to die in any school.
The idea that teachers’ guns will be stolen and misused, while
possible, is hardly a reasonable argument for failing to protect lives:
all of life is a matter of balancing benefits and risks. Fortunately,
there is an experience model. Utah has for many years allowed teachers
to carry handguns:
there has not been a single instance of such misuse.
Texas also allows it, and South Dakota has recently passed a law
allowing on-campus concealed carry. Other states are considering
legislation.
What about the argument that teachers can’t shoot straight? It’s not
well-known,
but the police are hardly firearm experts. They are
required to qualify only once a year on less-than-demanding courses of
fire with equally non-demanding qualifying scores. Many citizens surpass
the police in shooting skill. Wearing a uniform and badge does not
confer magical shooting skills beyond the capability of the private
citizen.
Consider the plight of teachers holding concealed carry licenses. Off
of school property, their inalienable natural right to self-defense is
operative. They may protect the lives of themselves and their children,
at home and anywhere they may be. But step on school property, and due
to those that claim to be most concerned with protecting children, they
and their children lose the affirmative means to preserve their lives.
Are the lives of teachers and children worth less on school property
than off?
In any school attack, two things matter most: time and distance.
Armed killers have the advantage of both.
Every second matters, and time
is not on the side of victims or the police. At Newtown, a life was
lost approximately every 11.5 seconds. From the time the killer shot his
way into the school until he shot himself, only five minutes elapsed,
but it took the first police officer 20 minutes to arrive. This is
normal, and must be expected in the future: in virtually every school
shooting, the police have had no active role in stopping the shooter.
Even if the Newtown police had arrived within five minutes, they still would have had no role in stopping the killer.
If there is no one present to immediately engage and stop a school
shooter, the only factors determining the eventual body count will be
the killer’s lack of marksmanship and dumb luck. Depending on the mercy
of a madman, or luck, for the lives of innocents is quite insane. Even
an armed teacher running from one hallway to the next to engage a
shooter is far preferable than waiting for police that will virtually
never arrive in time, and will be summoned only after some children and
teachers are already wounded or dead.
One may conjure any number of objections to allowing armed teachers
and school staff, but every possible objection can be addressed with
proper — and inexpensive — procedures and training. The undeniably
positive benefits of armed teachers, people always present and always
ready and able to stop armed killers, greatly outweigh any potential
objection. Which possible negative consequence outweighs the
preservation of innocent lives?
Consider Virginia Tech spokesman Larry Hincker, commenting on the
defeat in the legislature — only a short time before the attack — of a
bill that would have allowed students and faculty to carry firearms on
campus. He said:
I’m sure the university community is appreciative of the
General Assembly’s actions because this will help parents, students,
faculty and visitors feel safe on our campus.
Signs, doors, locks, and good intentions do help some to
feel safe, but teachers and staff ready and able to stop killers is actual
safety.
PJ Media